Mu guturaga amagi nkuko bisanzwe hagomba kuboneka ubushyuhe, ubuhehere ndetse amagi akanabirindurwa nibura gatatu ku munsi. Rero mu rwego rwo kugenzura ububushyuhe hashobora kwifashisha uburyo butandukanye. Muri ubwo buryo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe twavuga nka thermostat, gukoresha thermometre no gukoresha arduino(microcontrollers).
Uburyo buravugwaho ni ubwo gukoresha microcontroller ya arduino.
Turabona:
Arduino ni urubuga rw'isoko y'ubumenyi ifunguye kuri buri wese ikaba kompani itanga igice gifatika kiriho agace kafatwa nk'umutima cg ubwonko (microcontroller) kongerwamo gahunda za mudasobwa (code) kugirango kifashishwe mu kugenzura kibintu bitandukanye, n'ikindi gice kidafatika (software) gikoreshwa mu kwandika gahunda za mudasbwa zirashirwa muri iyo arduino (IDE). Ku bundi busobanuro ushobora gusura urubuga rwabo (arduino.cc).
UKO WASHYIRA ARDUINO MURI MUDASOBWA
gushyira aho kwandika gahunda za arduino muri mudasobwa ntabwo bigoranye bisaba gusa kuyikura ku urubuga arirwo https://www.arduino.cc/en/software .
iyo urugezeho urajya ahanditse "DOWNLOAD OPTIONS" Uhitemo iyo wifuza igendanye n'ubwoko bw'imikorere (operating system) ya mudasobwa ufite (Windows, macOS, Linux) noneho kanda uyikureho (download).
Niba irangije kuvaho ikaba igeze kuri mudasobwa hababahasigaye kuyishyiramo ku buryo itangira gukora (install IDE).
Hambura ububiko yajemo.
jya muri ubwo bubiko ushake application iriho agashusho kagaragaza arduino ugakandeho wemeze ko kajyamo (install).
Tegereza ko irangira kujyamo
ubu igisigaye ni ugutangira kuyikoresha (Launch).
GUKORA GAHUNDA YA ARDUINO (Program/sketch/code)
Gahunda y'ibyo wifuza ko arduino ni ingenzi kugirango ushobore kugenzura ibyo urakoresha mu buryo buhura n'umushinga. ururimi rwo gukora gahunda za mudasobwa bukoreshwa ni C na C++ .
Ku umutangizi kubijyanye no gukora gahunda za mudasobwa (programming) yafata izikozwe zihura ni icyo ashaka gukora ubundi akabyohereza muri arduino. Abandi bashobora gufata ingero za gahunda zikozwe ukazihindura.
Hari ibyo kwitaho mu gukora gahunda (program/sketch/code) ya arduino yawe:
Ita ku misusire ya gahunda ya arduino (structure) ureba ko ibice by'ingenzi bibiri bihari,
- void setup(){}
- void loop(){}
void setup ijyamo ibyawifuza ko bikorwa rimwe niho usabira umwanya (pin) wifuza gukoresha kuri arduino ndetse ugasaba nicyo wifuza ko gikorerwa kuri uwo mwanya wasabye.
void loop ijyamo ibyo wifuza ko bikomeza gukorwa. Iki gice mbese nicyo gifata umutima wa gahunda ya arduino wakoze cyangwa urakora.
kumenya amwe mu magambo y'ingenzi ni igihe akoreshwamo:
- #include <izina rya gahunda y'abandi winjije muri gahunda ya arduino iri gukorwa.h>
- delay()
- digitalRead()
- digitalWrite()
- analogWrite()
- pinMode()
- HIGH
- LOW
- INPUT
- OUTPUT
SENSOR turakoresha ni DHT111 iradufasha mu kumenya ibipimo by'ubushyuhe. Duhereye ku bipimo dusabe ko itara ryakwaka cyangwa irikazima bitewe n'ubushyuhe buhari.
Ahanditse Data hashirwa ku mwanya(pin) dushaka aha twe turakoresha 2 (digital pin 2). vcc iracomekwa kuri 5v cg 3.3V naho GND yo irashirwa n'ubundi kuri GND (ground).
Idufasha guhuza ibikoresho bikoresha umuriro w'a,mashyarazi mwinshi na arduino ikoresha umuriro mucye. uruhande rumwe icomekwa kuri arduino naho urundi igacomekwaho urusinga ruva ku muriro n'urujya ku igikoresho gikenera umuriro mwinshi kuri ni itara.
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gutangamo umuriro. umuriro ucana arduino uri hagati 7V kugeza 12V udahindagurika (7V - 12V DC).
Undi muriro uracana itara itanaga ubushyuhe uturuka ku mashyanyarazi usanzwe.
Itara riratanga ubushyuhe bukenewe mu guturaga amagi. iri tara rifite 18Watt.
IHUZANZIRA RY'UMUYAGANKUBA YUZUYE (CIRCUIT)
Mu buryo bwo gukoresha Arduino hakenerwa kode (gahunda ya Arduino) buri wese yayikorera niba abyumva. Gusa twateganije kode bwa kwifashisha mu guturaga amagi.
#include "DHT.h"
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#define DHTPIN 2 // Digital pin connected to the DHT sensor
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11
//#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302), AM2321
//#define DHTTYPE DHT21 // DHT 21 (AM2301)
#define relay 8
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); //16x2 display
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("DHTxx test!"));
lcd.init();// initialize the lcd
lcd.backlight();// Backlight ON
lcd.setCursor(1,0);// 2nd column,1st row
lcd.print("Welcome");
dht.begin();
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// Wait a few seconds between measurements.
delay(2000);
// Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds!
// Sensor readings may also be up to 2 seconds 'old' (its a very slow sensor)
float h = dht.readHumidity();
// Read temperature as Celsius (the default)
float t = dht.readTemperature();
// Read temperature as Fahrenheit (isFahrenheit = true)
float f = dht.readTemperature(true);
// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) || isnan(f)) {
Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"));
return;
}
Serial.print(F("Humidity: "));
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print(F("% Temperature: "));
Serial.print(t);
Serial.println(F("°C "));
//Serial.println(f);
if(t <= 37.5){
digitalWrite(relay, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
}else{
digitalWrite(relay, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Humidity :");
lcd.print(h);
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Temp :");
lcd.print(t);
delay(500);
}
Iyo ubonye uburyo bwo kugenzura amatara wita k'ubushyuhe n'ubuhehere bunoze uba ubonye uko wakwita ku magi kugeza havuyemo imishwi.
Nkuko twabibonye guturaga byibanda ku bintu bitatu by'ingenzi aribyo:
Ubushyuhe
ubuhehehere
Guhindura amagi atatu ku munsi ubusanya impande kugenza ugeze ku munsi wa cumi n'umunani ubundi ukarindira kugeza imishwi.
Ubundi uburyo butandukanyewakoresha ntacyo butandukaniyeho cyane uretse kumenya uko wita k'ubushyuhe n'ubuhehere. Wifashije arduino aho kugira ngo ukoreshe thermostat cyangwa thermometer, igufasha mu kuzimya itara no kuryatsa bitewe n'ubushyuhe uko bungana.
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